ABSTRACT
This contribution aims to discuss an original survey methodology, conceived in lockdown conditions, when face to face interviewing was prohibited and economic and sociological research faced obstacles in obtaining empirical data. An original pseudo-longitudinal Covid-CAWI is conducted in two fully harmonized waves. The basic methodological principles are elucidated along with limitations and advantages within the context of anti-epidemic measures and lockdowns in Bulgaria. The article elaborates the steps of data cleaning, conducted as an essential pre-processing step to high level of data quality. Special focus is devoted to posterior data optimization, using post-stratification adjustments. A comparison between weighted and unweighted data on economic effects is analysed. The paper contributes to the scientific debate on methodology insofar as online surveys become the one and only research opportunity for quantitative research in a crisis situation. The presented analysis of subsequent optimization procedures in Internet studies aims to open a discussion, especially in the context of socioeconomic research in a crisis situation where there are physical distance constraints. The data from the Covid-CAWI survey will be available for open access, so all interested in research may analyse the effects of the pandemic on social and economic life and debate on survey methodology. © 2023, University of National and World Economy. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This article provides information on the impact of a new coronavirus infection on the nature of menstrual function in gynecological patients in 2021–2022 years and methods for correcting menstrual irregularities. According to the data obtained as a result of the study, the degree of menstrual dysfunction in patients examined 6 months after suffering COVID-19 infection was higher than before the development of the disease due to the development of oligomenorrhea, amenorrhea and abnormal uterine bleeding. The results obtained in the course of our studies are consistent with the data of other authors, indicating a high percentage of menstrual irregularities after a coronavirus infection. Given the high significance of this problem, further in-depth studies in this direction are needed to elucidate the leading causes of such disorders. The effectiveness of the low-dose monophasic combined oral contraceptive belara has been shown both in monotherapy and in combination with the natural drug mastodinone as a corrective therapy for menstrual irregularities. A positive trend in reducing the manifestations of premenstrual syndrome, oligomenorrhea, secondary amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding, algomenorrhea, convenience and safety of the use of drugs was established. The expediency of using the proposed therapy has been established. © 2022, Professionalnye Izdaniya. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Myopia is an actual health issue in the world. The World Health Organization estimates that 50 % of the world population may be myopic by 2050. In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, the Russian government started a nationwide school closure as an emergency measure to prevent spreading of the infection since the 23rd of March 2020. The present study was organized to investigate prevalence of myopia in school-aged children during the COVID-19 home confinement in Moscow. The studied group included school-age children: pupils of 1, 5, 11th classes. The inclusion criteria were: myopia — refraction above –0.5 D in conditions of cycloplegia. The results of survey 523 pupils from Moscow schools, the proportion of patients with myopia was 20.1 %, while the proportion of patients with myopia among 1st class pupils was only 8.3 %. In 5th class, the rate was 16 %, in the 11th grade reached 42.1 %, i.e. increased more than 5 times. The trend with an increase in the number of children with myopia in the learning process is explained by the increased visual load of the high school curriculum. Home confinement during the COVID-19 pandemic appeared to be associated with a significant myopic shift for children aged 6 to 8 years due to the visual load increase in and a decrease in time spent outdoors. Further research is needed to evaluate these results and long-term follow-up of these children. © 2021 Ophthalmology Publishing Group. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
This article presents data on clinical ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19 described in the literature, clinical examples that we met in pandemic conditions, COVID-19 including early and late manifestations, as well as references to studies conducted decades ago and aimed to evaluate the effects of coronavirus infection on the visual organ. The purpose of the most studies was to study the effect of COVID-19 on the visual organ indicate that the most common ophthalmological manifestation of this disease is conjunctivitis, which occurs in 3–10 % of cases. Our observations showed that patients with COVID-19, when applying for an appointment with an ophthalmologist after 1–3 months, make complaints about the feeling of dryness, discomfort in the eyes, itching and redness of the eyelids. These complains arose immediately after the illness and persisted during the above terms. This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that any inflammatory process occurring on the eye surface disrupts the process of lacrimation and leads to the emergence of dry eye syndrome. It is necessary to pay close attention to complaints from the visual organ not only in patients with COVID-19 in the early stages of the disease, but also in the coming months after stopping the acute pathological process. As studies have shown, coronavirus can involve the posterior segment of the eye in the pathological process, since this virus has a retinotropic effect. This hypothesis can be confirmed by the reports of several authors who studied with optical coherence tomography (OCT) the state of the retina 11–33 days after the onset of symptoms in patients with COVID-19. OCT data indicate the presence of hyperreflexive zones at the level of the ganglion cell layer and the plexiform layer, the severity of these zones being greater in the papillomacular bundle region. In addition, cases of thromboembolic complications affecting the vascular system of the eye are described. Considering the fact that in the development of thromboembolism of the central artery and retinal vein, therapy is as effective as possible in the first hours from the beginning of this pathological process development, close attention should be paid to patients’ complaints to visual impairment occurred against the background of coronavirus infection. The data presented in this article open up a range of possibilities for conducting new scientific research that will help to preserve the vision and health of our patients as effectively as possible. © 2021 Ima-Press Publishing House. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
The online education market is showing growth and strengthening of its position as a business area not only in Russia, but also all over the world, increasing the industry growth rate up to 20% per year. The main and significant jump occurred because of the active transition to online due to the covid-19 quarantine restrictions. The purpose of this work is to study the online education system in Russia and determine the prospects for the development of this industry. The tasks of the research include comparing online education with the offline sphere, analyzing popular categories in online education and forecasting the dynamics of market development, taking into account the influence of the revenue of online education companies. The main methods used in the work: data analysis and comparison. Based on the results of the study, the main conclusions were obtained: every year there is an increase in investments in the field of online education, large companies buy promising projects. Based on the correlation-regression model of the dependence of the period under study on the volume of the online education market in Russia, a forecast for the coming years has been made. The most popular areas of study: foreign languages, IT and marketing. The year 2020 allowed the industry to increase its performance more than it was predicted, and by 2021, the revenue is expected to increase to 73 billion rubles. © The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2021.